Carra Santos
Designer, Researcher & Learning Advisor
When a challenge is complex, unfamiliar or involves bringing different ideas, perspectives or priorities together, I help people and organisations understand what's happening, work out what needs attention, and outline what to do next.
I bring together design, research and creative methods to understand people, places, practices and wider contexts - moving between global and local, research and practice, and different perspectives.My work includes the World Health Organization, Design Council, University of Bath, local authorities, architecture and design practices, social enterprises and community-led initiatives.
Current questions
Learning before action
I’m currently exploring what we need to understand before designing solutions to complex social and environmental challenges. Across my work, three questions keep returning:

"Why are our ideas and messages not landing?"
Before bringing a broader idea or ambition into a particular place, we need to understand what is already there - the people, values, interests, meanings and perspectives that shape how it is experienced.Civic Sketchbook is my creative research practice for understanding places through walking, observation, and creative ethnography techniques. It explores how looking more closely can reveal stories, patterns, connections and possibilities that might otherwise be overlooked.

"Why aren't our behavioural interventions being adopted?"
Social, environmental, economic and cultural challenges are often treated separately, even when people experience them together. Understanding the relationships between them can reveal opportunities to respond more cohesively.Bridge to Belonging is a research framework for identifying connections between local social, environmental and economic priorities at the neighbourhood scale, particularly for public sector, architecture and design professionals working on projects in areas of urban inequality.

"Why do our attempts at cross-sector collaboration lead to tension?"
Bringing different perspectives together doesn't automatically produce better outcomes. People need enough awareness, shared understanding and readiness to recognise perspectives other than their own.Pre-Collaborative City is a learning programme exploring what needs to happen before different perspectives are brought together, particularly when broader ideas and ambitions need to be translated into local strategies.
If these questions are of interest to you, or you're trying to answer one yourself, let's have a conversation.
Specialist consultancy & education
Alongside my independent research, I work with organisations on complex projects where the next step isn't always clear. I use design research and creative methods to investigate what is happening, question assumptions, bring different perspectives into view, and explore what might need to change before deciding what to do.
I've worked across public, academic and social innovation contexts, on projects spanning global public health, climate action, local policy, design education and new economic thinking.
Selected work
“Carra is a driven, intelligent and curious colleague - when working with us at the Design Council, she helped to deliver a complex project with a range of stakeholders. She pushed participants to think deeper about the work they were aiming to deliver, and ultimately created a more meaningful process. This, in turn, led to longer-lasting outcomes.“
— Emily Whyman, Senior Programme Manager, Design Council
“I would describe Carra as rigorously creative, in that she combines systems thinking and critical thinking with the spontaneity needed for new ideas. Not many people can do this. She questions everything and because she's also a terrific person, connects with people on many levels. It's an impressive combination of skills for change-making. Working with Carra definitely made me a better designer.”
— Darren Evans, Strategic Designer and Design Council Expert
“Carra brought insight, thoughtfulness, and a deep sense of curiosity to the work we did together at the WHO on tobacco control. She approaches complex challenges with care and intellectual rigor, always seeking to understand the deeper dynamics at play. At the same time, she brings real joy and warmth to a team - Carra made a lasting impact on the work and on me personally.“
— Dr Hebe Gouda, Project Officer, World Health Organization
Design commissions
Earlier in my career, I worked through commissioned design projects that explored how products, spaces and experiences could challenge assumptions and make new ideas tangible.
The projects below were commissioned by 100% Design for London Design Festival between 2013 and 2015, and show an early version of the approach that continues through my work today: using design to explore questions, test possibilities and help people see things differently.

Farm Kitchen
Future Kitchen installation
100% Design, 2013
What might the future kitchen feel like if food growing, cooking and living were treated as connected activities?A 180m² immersive design installation exploring urban food growing, smaller homes and changing relationships with food. Challenging the trend towards the future kitchen as a technology-led laboratory, the project brought planting, cooking, social space and sensory experience together.

Maker Carousel
Interactive making installation
100% Design, 2014
What happens when making is understood as a human activity rather than an increasingly technological process?An 81m² immersive design installation exploring the changing relationship between designers, makers and technology. Bringing together craft, digital fabrication, open-source practice and experimentation, it invited visitors to imagine, make and share.

Mattergarden
Eco Build installation
100% Design, 2015
What might we notice if we reconnected the materials we use for the built environment with the natural world they come from?A 128m² immersive design installation exploring materials, making and our working relationship with nature. The environment combined emerging products and processes with activities involving natural dyes and juices, connecting the dots between the built and natural world.
“A huge boost to the quality of design thinking at the show. Carra's approach to every project is in-depth, practical and passionate; working with her is always a very pleasurable experience and her ability to make things happen both creatively and practically is invaluable.”
— William Knight, Director, Material Matters, formerly 100% Design London
Talks & publications
Research Contributor, 10th WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, WHO, 2025
“A Different Way”, online talk, RSA South West Coffeehouse, 2024
“Design, differently with Communities”, visioning script and presentation, Design for Planet, 2023
“Doughnut Economics: Can Bath Thrive like Amsterdam?”, live-streamed public lecture, Bath Royal Literary & Scientific Institution, 2023
Lead Author & Book Launch Presenter, “Crafting Connections with Clothing: Values, Influence and Relationships”, Chapter 17 in Accelerating Sustainability in Fashion, Clothing and Textiles, Routledge, 2023
MSc Dissertation (Distinction), "Communicating Degrowth: Analysing language to find favourable starting points for degrowth discourse with UK business leaders", University of the West of England, 2021
Researcher, Author & Presenter, All Sewn Up: Dismantling Fast Fashion Consumption as a Social Practice, conference paper, Sustainable Innovation Conference, UCA Centre for Sustainable Design, 2021
About
Designer, researcher and learning advisor working across design, research and social innovation.
I began my career in innovation and design, founding and leading an independent practice working across interiors, furniture and spatial design. Alongside client projects, I explored emerging technologies, circular design and new approaches through products, spaces and research-led installations.Over time, I became increasingly interested in the evidence and wider systems behind the ideas I was developing. This led me to an MSc in Sustainable Development in Practice, which I completed with distinction in 2021, strengthening the research and analytical side of my practice.Today, I bring these strands together to explore situations, understand different perspectives and contexts, and develop useful ways of thinking, communicating and working.

Pre-Collaborative City
What needs to be considered before we ask people to work together?
Place-based collaborations often begin by bringing people together around a shared ambition. But people arrive with different experiences, knowledge, priorities, language and assumptions about the situation they are trying to change.Recognising these differences - and considering what might be missing from our own view - can create better conditions for people to develop shared understanding together.
Some of the most important work may happen before everyone gets in the room.
I've been developing Pre-Collaborative City - a body of insights, methods and practical tools exploring what needs to be considered before introducing broader ideas, frameworks and ambitions into a local context, and before asking different sectors, disciplines and perspectives to work together.The thinking currently explores six areas:
01 / Arriving with a question, not a solution
Exploring why collaborative change begins with considering context, recognising different forms of knowledge and being willing to ask: “What might we be missing?”02 / Developing shared language and definitions
Exploring how words carry different meanings, why assumptions create misunderstanding, and how shared language creates the foundation for collaboration.03 / Finding better entry points into conversations
Exploring how to begin conversations from what already matters to people, rather than only from what matters most to us.
04 / Recognising the meanings already in place
Learning to notice the stories, identities, histories and relationships that already exist within places and communities before attempting to change them.05 / Seeing what makes change possible
Exploring how behaviours emerge from wider systems, and how change becomes possible by understanding the conditions around them, rather than relying on good intentions alone.06 / Learning to see before you start
Practical activities to help develop curiosity, observation and contextual understanding before considering how to engage.
I'm looking to connect with people working in this territory.
If you design, lead or support collaborative responses to complex place-based social and environmental challenges, I'd love to hear from you.I'm particularly interested in connecting with people who recognise the value of doing more of the thinking before getting everyone in the room - whether you're working in local government, research, design, academia, community development or elsewhere.I'm offering 30-minute knowledge-sharing conversations as a way to exchange experiences and perspectives.I'll also be sharing emerging tools, reflections and resources from the project as it develops.Email me or use the form, and I'll get back to you shortly.